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Amazon Managed Workflows for Apache Airflow (MWAA)

Amazon Managed Workflows for Apache Airflow (MWAA) is a managed orchestration service for Apache Airflow that makes it easier to set up and operate end-to-end data pipelines in the cloud at scale. Apache Airflow is an open-source tool used to programmatically author, schedule, and monitor sequences of processes and tasks referred to as “workflows.” With Managed Workflows, you can use Airflow and Python to create workflows without having to manage the underlying infrastructure for scalability, availability, and security.

The example demonstrates how to use Amazon Managed Workflows for Apache Airflow (MWAA) to assign jobs to Amazon EKS in two ways.

  1. Directly create a job and deploy to EKS.
  2. Register EKS as a virtual cluster in EMR and assign a spark job to EMR on EKS.

Code repo for this example.

Considerations​

Ideally we recommend adding the steps to sync requirements/sync dags to the MWAA S3 Bucket as part of a CI/CD pipeline. Generally Dags development have a different lifecycle than the Terraform code to provision infrastructure. For simplicity, we are providing steps for that using Terraform running AWS CLI commands on null_resource.

Prerequisites:​

Ensure that you have the following tools installed locally:

  1. aws cli
  2. kubectl
  3. terraform

Deploy​

To provision this example:

git clone https://github.com/awslabs/data-on-eks.git
cd data-on-eks/schedulers/terraform/managed-airflow-mwaa
chmod +x install.sh
./install.sh

Enter region at command prompt to continue.

Once done, you will see terraform output like below.

terraform output

The following components are provisioned in your environment:

  • A sample VPC, 3 Private Subnets and 3 Public Subnets
  • Internet gateway for Public Subnets and NAT Gateway for Private Subnets
  • EKS Cluster Control plane with one managed node group
  • EKS Managed Add-ons: VPC_CNI, CoreDNS, Kube_Proxy, EBS_CSI_Driver
  • K8S metrics server and cluster autoscaler
  • A MWAA environment in version 2.2.2
  • An EMR virtual cluster registered with the newly created EKS
  • A S3 bucket with DAG code

Validate​

The following command will update the kubeconfig on your local machine and allow you to interact with your EKS Cluster using kubectl to validate the deployment.

Run update-kubeconfig command​

Run the command below. You may also copy the command from the terraform output 'configure_kubectl'.

aws eks --region us-west-2 update-kubeconfig --name managed-airflow-mwaa

List the nodes​

kubectl get nodes

# Output should look like below
NAME                         STATUS   ROLES    AGE     VERSION
ip-10-0-0-42.ec2.internal    Ready    <none>   5h15m   v1.26.4-eks-0a21954
ip-10-0-22-71.ec2.internal   Ready    <none>   5h15m   v1.26.4-eks-0a21954
ip-10-0-44-63.ec2.internal   Ready    <none>   5h15m   v1.26.4-eks-0a21954

List the namespaces in EKS cluster​

kubectl get ns

# Output should look like below
default           Active   4h38m
emr-mwaa          Active   4h34m
kube-node-lease   Active   4h39m
kube-public       Active   4h39m
kube-system       Active   4h39m
mwaa              Active   4h30m

namespace emr-mwaa will be used by EMR for running spark jobs.
namespace mwaa will be used by MWAA directly.

Trigger jobs from MWAA​

Log into Apache Airflow UI​

  • Open the Environments page on the Amazon MWAA console
  • Choose an environment
  • Under the Details section, click the link for the Airflow UI

Note: You will see red error message once login. That is because the EMR connection has not been setup. The message will be gone after following the steps below to set up the connection and login again.

Trigger the DAG workflow to execute job in EMR on EKS​

First, you need to set up the connection to EMR virtual cluster in MWAA

add connection

  • Click Add button,
  • Make sure use emr_eks as Connection Id
  • Amazon Web Services as Connection Type
  • Replace the value in Extra based on your terraform output
    {"virtual_cluster_id":"<emrcontainers_virtual_cluster_id in terraform output>", "job_role_arn":"<emr_on_eks_role_arn in terraform output>"}

Add a new connection

Go back to Airflow UI main page, enable the example DAG emr_eks_pi_job and then trigger the job.

trigger EMR

While it is running, use the following command to verify the spark jobs:

kubectl get all -n emr-mwaa

You should see output similar to the following:

NAME                                   READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/000000030tk2ihdmr8g-psstj          3/3     Running   0          90s
pod/pythonpi-a8051f83b415c911-exec-1   2/2     Running   0          14s
pod/pythonpi-a8051f83b415c911-exec-2   2/2     Running   0          14s
pod/spark-000000030tk2ihdmr8g-driver   2/2     Running   0          56s

NAME                                                            TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                      AGE
service/spark-000000030tk2ihdmr8g-ee64be83b4151dd5-driver-svc   ClusterIP   None         <none>        7078/TCP,7079/TCP,4040/TCP   57s

NAME                            COMPLETIONS   DURATION   AGE
job.batch/000000030tk2ihdmr8g   0/1           92s        92s

You can also check the job status in Amazon EMR console. Under the Virtual clusters section, click on Virtual cluster

EMR job status

Trigger the DAG workflow to execute job in EKS​

In the Airflow UI, enable the example DAG kubernetes_pod_example and then trigger it.

Enable the DAG kubernetes_pod_example

Trigger the DAG kubernetes_pod_example

Verify that the pod was executed successfully

After it runs and completes successfully, use the following command to verify the pod:

kubectl get pods -n mwaa

You should see output similar to the following:

NAME                                             READY   STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE
mwaa-pod-test.4bed823d645844bc8e6899fd858f119d   0/1     Completed   0          25s

Destroy​

To clean up your environment, run the cleanup.sh script.script

chmod +x cleanup.sh
./cleanup.sh